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Limited English by age group by state

Share of people who speak English less than 'well' (the Census Bureau's 'not well' or 'not at all' categories) among residents aged 5–17, 18–64 and 65 and over, and among all people aged 5 and over. People who speak only English are not in the limited-English group. From the American Community Survey 2025 1-year estimates (survey estimates with margins of error, larger in small states). Percentages are derived by Quadranac from the published counts. The Census Bureau did not publish this detailed table for some smaller states in the 2025 1-year release (its data-quality filtering), so they are blank.

Reference period
2025
Licence
Public domain (U.S. federal government work).
Download CSVSource: U.S. Census Bureau (opens in a new tab)

Limited English by age group by state: Limited English, ages 5 and over (%, derived)47 areas ranked by Limited English, ages 5 and over (%, derived). Highest: California (8.4); lowest: Maine (0.6); national value 4.2.CaliforniaCalifornia: 8.48.4New JerseyNew Jersey: 6.86.8New YorkNew York: 6.86.8FloridaFlorida: 6.76.7TexasTexas: 6.26.2MassachusettsMassachusetts: 5.15.1NevadaNevada: 4.94.9Rhode IslandRhode Island: 4.64.6IllinoisIllinois: 4.34.3ArizonaArizona: 4.04.0New MexicoNew Mexico: 4.04.0WashingtonWashington: 3.83.8ConnecticutConnecticut: 3.73.7HawaiiHawaii: 3.53.5MarylandMaryland: 3.53.5DelawareDelaware: 2.82.8GeorgiaGeorgia: 2.82.8NebraskaNebraska: 2.82.8OregonOregon: 2.82.8North CarolinaNorth Carolina: 2.72.7ColoradoColorado: 2.62.6UtahUtah: 2.62.6KansasKansas: 2.52.5VirginiaVirginia: 2.52.5PennsylvaniaPennsylvania: 2.32.3District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia: 2.12.1IndianaIndiana: 1.91.9IowaIowa: 1.91.9MinnesotaMinnesota: 1.91.9TennesseeTennessee: 1.91.9LouisianaLouisiana: 1.81.8OklahomaOklahoma: 1.81.8South CarolinaSouth Carolina: 1.71.7IdahoIdaho: 1.61.6KentuckyKentucky: 1.51.5MichiganMichigan: 1.51.5WisconsinWisconsin: 1.51.5ArkansasArkansas: 1.41.4OhioOhio: 1.31.3AlaskaAlaska: 1.21.2AlabamaAlabama: 1.11.1MissouriMissouri: 1.01.0New HampshireNew Hampshire: 1.01.0South DakotaSouth Dakota: 0.90.9MississippiMississippi: 0.80.8North DakotaNorth Dakota: 0.80.8MaineMaine: 0.60.6National 4.2
Limited English by age group by state: Limited English, ages 5 and over (%, derived)47 areas ranked by Limited English, ages 5 and over (%, derived). Highest: California (8.4); lowest: Maine (0.6); national value 4.2.CaliforniaCalifornia: 8.48.4New JerseyNew Jersey: 6.86.8New YorkNew York: 6.86.8FloridaFlorida: 6.76.7TexasTexas: 6.26.2MassachusettsMassachusetts: 5.15.1NevadaNevada: 4.94.9Rhode IslandRhode Island: 4.64.6IllinoisIllinois: 4.34.3ArizonaArizona: 4.04.0New MexicoNew Mexico: 4.04.0WashingtonWashington: 3.83.8ConnecticutConnecticut: 3.73.7HawaiiHawaii: 3.53.5MarylandMaryland: 3.53.5DelawareDelaware: 2.82.8GeorgiaGeorgia: 2.82.8NebraskaNebraska: 2.82.8OregonOregon: 2.82.8North CarolinaNorth Carolina: 2.72.7ColoradoColorado: 2.62.6UtahUtah: 2.62.6KansasKansas: 2.52.5VirginiaVirginia: 2.52.5PennsylvaniaPennsylvania: 2.32.3District of Colum…District of Columbia: 2.12.1IndianaIndiana: 1.91.9IowaIowa: 1.91.9MinnesotaMinnesota: 1.91.9TennesseeTennessee: 1.91.9LouisianaLouisiana: 1.81.8OklahomaOklahoma: 1.81.8South CarolinaSouth Carolina: 1.71.7IdahoIdaho: 1.61.6KentuckyKentucky: 1.51.5MichiganMichigan: 1.51.5WisconsinWisconsin: 1.51.5ArkansasArkansas: 1.41.4OhioOhio: 1.31.3AlaskaAlaska: 1.21.2AlabamaAlabama: 1.11.1MissouriMissouri: 1.01.0New HampshireNew Hampshire: 1.01.0South DakotaSouth Dakota: 0.90.9MississippiMississippi: 0.80.8North DakotaNorth Dakota: 0.80.8MaineMaine: 0.60.6National 4.2
Limited English, ages 5 and over (%, derived), 2025, sorted high to low. 47 areas ranked by Limited English, ages 5 and over (%, derived). Highest: California (8.4); lowest: Maine (0.6); national value 4.2. Not shown (not published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year release): Montana, Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming. Full data in the table below.Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Click a column header to sort; the national total stays pinned at the top.

United States4.21.74.55.2
Alabama1.10.51.50.4
Alaska1.20.31.31.9
Arizona41.94.73.7
Arkansas1.40.81.80.6
California8.42.58.314.2
Colorado2.61.332.2
Connecticut3.71.83.74.8
Delaware2.82.73.41.1
District of Columbia2.10.22.51.9
Florida6.72.47.37.7
Georgia2.81.13.32.4
Hawaii3.50.93.16.3
Idaho1.60.51.91.6
Illinois4.32.14.55.3
Indiana1.90.82.51.1
Iowa1.90.92.61
Kansas2.51.43.21.6
Kentucky1.50.820.6
Louisiana1.812.31
Maine0.60.20.60.6
Maryland3.51.843.6
Massachusetts5.12.15.36.5
Michigan1.50.81.71.8
Minnesota1.90.92.21.8
Mississippi0.80.310.6
Missouri10.81.20.9
Montananot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year release
Nebraska2.81.43.61.9
Nevada4.91.35.75.3
New Hampshire10.31.11.1
New Jersey6.82.67.48.5
New Mexico41.74.64.2
New York6.83.36.510.4
North Carolina2.71.23.41.6
North Dakota0.80.60.81
Ohio1.311.51.1
Oklahoma1.80.62.21.5
Oregon2.81.73.22.4
Pennsylvania2.31.12.52.5
Rhode Island4.61.64.95.8
South Carolina1.71.22.10.8
South Dakota0.90.61.20.4
Tennessee1.91.12.50.8
Texas6.22.86.58.7
Utah2.613.12.7
Vermontnot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year release
Virginia2.51.32.62.9
Washington3.81.94.14.5
West Virginianot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year release
Wisconsin1.50.81.81.2
Wyomingnot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year releasenot published by the Census Bureau for this state in the 2025 1-year release

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year estimates, Table B16004: Age by language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over. Reference period: 2025.

Cite this table

Source agency
U.S. Census Bureau
Dataset
American Community Survey 2025 1-year estimates, Table B16004: Age by language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over
Table
Limited English by age group by state
Data last updated
2026-11-14
Page
https://quadranac.com/tables/us-english-ability-by-age/

Limited English by age group by state (United States, 2025). Data: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2025 1-year estimates, Table B16004: Age by language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over. Retrieved 2026-11-14 via Quadranac, https://quadranac.com/tables/us-english-ability-by-age/